Sida lagu sheegay warbixin cilmi-baadhis ah oo ay soo saartay Hay’adda Caafimaadka Adduunka ee WHO, tirada bukaannada cudurka Myopia ee Shiinaha ayaa gaadhay illaa 600 milyan sannadkii 2018-kii, halka heerka myopia ee dhallinyaradu ay kaalinta koowaad kaga jiraan adduunka. Shiinaha ayaa noqday dalka ugu weyn adduunka ee qaba cudurka 'myopia'. Marka loo eego xogta tirakoobka 2021, heerka myopia wuxuu xisaabiyaa kala bar dadka dalka. Iyada oo tirada intaa le'eg ee dadka myopia, aad bay muhiim u tahay in si cilmiyeysan loo shaaciyo aqoonta xirfadeed ee la xiriirta myopia.
Habka myopia
Cudurka 'myopia' ee saxda ah wali ma cadda ilaa hadda. Si fudud loo dhigo, ma garanayno sababta myopia u dhacdo.
Waxyaabaha la xidhiidha myopia
Marka loo eego cilmi baarista caafimaadka iyo indhaha, dhacdada myopia waxaa saameeya arrimo badan sida hidde-sideyaasha iyo deegaanka, waxaana laga yaabaa inay la xiriirto arrimahan soo socda.
1. Myopia waxay leedahay u janjeera hidde-side gaar ah. Marka cilmi-baadhista arrimaha hidde-sidaha ee myopia ay noqdaan kuwo si qoto dheer u sii socda, gaar ahaan pathological myopia waxay leedahay taariikh qoys, hadda waxaa la xaqiijiyey in cudurka myopia ee cudurka 'pathological myopia' uu yahay cudur hidde-side-ka-hal ah, kan ugu badanna waa dhaxal-celinta autosomal. . Myopia fudud ayaa hadda laga dhaxlaa arrimo badan, iyada oo arrimo la helay ay door weyn ka ciyaaraan.
2. Marka la eego arrimaha deegaanka, arrimo ay ka mid yihiin akhris dhow, iftiin la'aan, waqti dheer oo wax akhris ah, far aan caddayn ama aad u yar, fadhiga oo liita, nafaqo-xumada, hoos u dhaca hawlaha dibadda, iyo korodhka heerka waxbarashada ayaa laga yaabaa inay la xiriirto. horumarinta myopia. dhacdo la xidhiidha.
Kala soocida kala duwanaanshaha myopia
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo myopia ah, sababtoo ah sababta bilawga ah, sababta cilladaha aan caadiga ahayn, heerka myopia, muddada myopia, xasiloonida, iyo haddii hagaajintu ay ku lug leedahay dhamaantood waxaa loo isticmaali karaa shuruudaha kala soocida.
1. Marka loo eego heerka myopia:
Myopia hoose:in ka yar 300 darajo (≤-3.00 D).
Myopia dhexdhexaad ah:300 darajo ilaa 600 darajo (-3.00 D~-6.00 D).
Myopia:in ka badan 600 darajo (>-6.00 D) (sidoo kale loo yaqaan myopia pathological)
2. Marka loo eego qaab-dhismeedka dib-u-celinta (sababta tooska ah):
(1) myopia refractive,taas oo ah myopia oo ay keento kororka awooda dib u habeynta ee kubbadda isha taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay qaybaha aan caadiga ahayn ee kubbadda isha ama isku darka aan caadiga ahayn ee qaybaha halka dhererka axial ee isha uu yahay mid caadi ah. Noocaan ah myopia wuxuu noqon karaa ku meel gaar ama mid joogto ah.
Myopia refractive waxa loo qaybin karaa curvature myopia iyo index refractive myopia. Kan hore waxaa badanaa keena qalooca xad dhaafka ah ee cornea ama muraayadaha, sida bukaanada leh keratoconus, lens spherical ama lens yar; Tan dambe waxa sababa tusmaynta refractive xad-dhaaf ah ee humor aqueous iyo lens, sida cataract aasaasiga ah, iris-ciliary jirka bukaanka caabuqa.
(2) Axial myopia:Waxa kale oo loo sii kala qaybiyaa axial myopia oo aan caag ahayn iyo caag axial myopia. Axial myopia oo aan caag ahayn waxay ka dhigan tahay in awoodda dib u soo celinta isha ay tahay mid caadi ah, laakiin dhererka dhidibka hore iyo kan dambe ee kubbadda isha ayaa ka badan inta caadiga ah. Kordhinta 1mm kasta ee dhidibka kubbadda isha waxay u dhigantaa korodhka 300 darajo ee myopia. Guud ahaan, diopter-ka axial myopia ayaa ka yar 600 darajo ee myopia. Ka dib markii diopter-ka qayb ahaan axial myopia uu kordho ilaa 600 darajo, dhererka axial ee isha ayaa sii kordhaya. Diopter-ka myopia wuxuu gaari karaa in ka badan 1000 darajo, mararka qaarkoodna wuxuu gaaraa 2000 darajo. Myopia noocaan ah waxaa loo yaqaan horusocod sare myopia ama myopia deformed.
Indhuhu waxay leeyihiin isbeddello kala duwan oo bahal ah sida myopia sare, araggana lama sixi karo si lagu qanco. Noocaan ah myopia wuxuu leeyahay taariikh qoys wuxuuna xiriir la leeyahay hidde ahaan. Weli waxaa jirta rajo ah xakamaynta iyo soo kabashada carruurnimada, laakiin maaha sida qof weyn.
Caaga axial myopia waxa kale oo loo yaqaan caag run myopia. Sababaha, sida la'aanta fiitamiinada iyo walxaha raadraaca inta lagu jiro xilliga koritaanka iyo korriinka waxay keeni karaan myopia, iyo sidoo kale myopia oo ay keento indhaha ama cudurrada jirka. Waxa kale oo loo qaybiyaa pseudomyopia ku meel gaadh ah oo caag ah, caag intermediate myopia iyo caag axial myopia.
(a) pseudomyopia ku meel gaadh ah oo caag ah:Noocan ah myopia waxay qaadataa waqti ka gaaban si loo sameeyo marka loo eego pseudomyopia ku meel gaadhka ah ee balaastikada ah. Noocan ah myopia, sida pseudomyopia ku meel gaadh ah, waxay ku soo noqon kartaa aragga caadiga ah muddo gaaban gudaheed. Noocyada kala duwan ee myopia waxay u baahan yihiin habab soo kabasho oo kala duwan. Astaamaha caagga ah ee ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee pseudomyopia: marka arrimaha la saxo, aragga ayaa hagaagaya; Marka arrimo cusub soo baxaan, myopia waxay sii wadaa inay sii qotonto. Guud ahaan, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho caag ah oo u dhaxaysa 25 ilaa 300 darajo.
(b) myopia dhexe ee caaga ah:Aragtida muuqaalku ma raynayso ka dib marka la saxo qodobbada, mana jirto wax balaastig ah oo dhab ah oo fidinaya dhidibka aragga.
(c) Caaga ah axial myopia:Marka pseudomyopia balaastikada ah ee nooca axial myopia ay u koraan caag dhab ah myopia, way adagtahay in dib loo soo celiyo aragga. Tababarka soo kabashada Myopia 1+1 ayaa la isticmaalaa, xawaaraha soo kabashadana waa mid gaabis ah. Waxay u baahan tahay Waqtigu sidoo kale waa mid aad u dheer.
(3) Myopia isku dhafan:Labada nooc ee ugu horreeya ee myopia ayaa wada nool
3. Kala soocida iyadoo loo eegayo horumarka cudurka iyo isbeddelada cudurada
(1) Myopia Fudud:Sidoo kale loo yaqaan myopia dhallaanka, waa nooca caadiga ah ee myopia. Qodobbada hidde-sidaha weli ma cadda. Waxay inta badan la xiriirtaa culeyska muuqaalka sare ee xoogga leh inta lagu jiro qaan-gaarnimada iyo korriinka. Marka la eego da'da iyo koritaanka jireed, da' gaar ah, waxay u muuqan doontaa inay xasilloonaan. Heerka myopia guud ahaan waa mid hooseeya ama dhexdhexaad ah, myopia si tartiib ah ayey u socotaa, aragga la saxayna waa wanaagsan yahay.
(3) Cudurka Myopia:Sidoo kale loo yaqaanno myopia horumarsan, inta badan waxay leedahay arrimo hidde-side. Myopia waxay sii wadaa inay sii korodho, si degdeg ah ayay u socotaa inta lagu jiro qaan-gaarnimada, iyo kubbadda isha ayaa weli soo koraya xitaa ka dib da'da 20. Shaqada muuqaalka ayaa si weyn u liidata, oo lagu muujiyaa fogaan ka hooseeya heerka caadiga ah iyo aragtida dhow, iyo muuqaal aan caadi ahayn oo muuqaal ah iyo dareenka isbarbardhigga. Oo ay la socdaan dhibaatooyin ay ka mid yihiin hoos u dhac ku yimaadda isha ee cidhifka dambe ee isha, dhibco xiniinyaha ah, dhiigbaxa macular, iyo staphyloma dambe ee scleral, cudurku si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u sii qoto dheeraa oo u kobcayaa; Saamaynta sixitaanka aragga ayaa liidata marxaladaha dambe.
4. Kala soocida iyadoo loo eegayo haddii ay jiraan wax awood hagaajin ah oo ku lug leh.
(1) Pseudomyopia:Sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'commodative myopia', waxaa sababa shaqo dhow oo dheer, culeyska aragga oo kordha, awood la'aanta in la nasto, xiisad hoy ah ama spasm hoy. Myopia waxay ku baabi'i kartaa daawo si ay u kala furfurto ardayda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa guud ahaan la rumeysan yahay in nooca myopia uu yahay marxaladda bilowga ah ee dhacdada myopia iyo koritaanka.
(2) Myopia run ah:Ka dib markii la isticmaalo wakiilada cycloplegic iyo daawooyinka kale, shahaadada myopia ma yaraato ama heerka myopia hoos u dhaco wax ka yar 0.50D.
(3) Myopia isku dhafan:Waxa loola jeedaa diopter-ka myopia ee la dhimay ka dib markii la isticmaalo dawooyinka cycloplegic iyo daawaynta kale, laakiin xaaladda degdegga ah weli lama soo celin.
Myopia run ama been waxaa lagu qeexaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo in la hagaajintu ku lug leedahay. Indhuhu iyagaa ka soo jiidan kara meel fog ilaa shay u dhow, awooddan soo-dhowayntu waxay ku tiirsan tahay hagaajinta indhaha. Shaqada hoyga aan caadiga ahayn ee indhuhu waxay u sii kala qaybsantaa: accommodative pseudomyopia ku meel gaadh ah iyo accommodative myopia dhabta ah.
Pseudomyopia ku meel gaadh ah oo ku meel gaadh ah, araggu wuu fiicnaadaa ka dib mydriasis, aragguna wuu fiicnaadaa ka dib markii indhuhu nastaan muddo wakhti ah. Myopia dhexdhexaad ah oo dhexdhexaad ah, aragtida aragtida ka dib fidinta ma gaari karto 5.0, dhidibka isha waa mid caadi ah, iyo durugsan ee kubbadda isha aan loo dheerayn anatomically. Kaliya iyada oo la kordhiyo heerka myopia si habboon ayaa lagu gaari karaa acuity-ga aragga ee 5.0.
Cudurka myopia ee dhabta ah. Waxa ay tilmaamaysaa guuldarada ku dhacday pseudomyopia in lagu soo kabsado waqtigii loogu talagalay. Xaaladdani waxay socotaa waqti dheer, waxaana la dheereeyaa dhidibka isha si ay ula qabsato deegaanka aragtida dhow.
Ka dib marka dhererka axial ee isha la dheereeyo, murqaha ciliary ee isha ayaa dabacsan, isku-laabashada muraayadda ayaa ku soo laabanaysa sidii caadiga ahayd. Myopia waxay dhamaystirtay hannaan korriin cusub. Dhererka axial kasta ee isha waxaa lagu fidiyay 1mm. Myopia waxay ku qotontaa 300 darajo. Cudurka myopia dhabta ah ayaa la sameeyay. Noocan ah myopia dhabta ah ayaa asal ahaan ka duwan axial true myopia. Noocan ah myopia dhabta ah ayaa sidoo kale leh suurtagalnimada soo kabashada aragga.
Kaabista kala soocida myopia
Waxaan u baahanahay inaan halkan ku ogaano in pseudomyopia aysan ahayn caafimaad "myopia" sababtoo ah "myopia" waxay ka jiri kartaa qof kasta, xaalad kasta oo dib u dhac ah, iyo wakhti kasta, indhuhuna way daali doonaan. Cudurka myopia ee baaba'a ka dib marka ardaydu balaadhiyaan waa pseudomyopia, iyo myopia oo weli jira waa myopia run ah.
Axial myopia waxaa loo kala saaraa iyadoo lagu salaynayo sababta keentay cilladaha warbaahinta dib u soo celinta ee isha gudaheeda.
Haddii isha ay tahay emtropic, warbaahinta kala duwan ee dib-u-celinta ee isha waxay kaliya u celisaa iftiinka xuubka xuubka. Dadka xuubka-dhaliyaha ah, wadarta awoodda dib-u-soo-celinta ee warbaahinta kala duwan ee isha iyo fogaanta ( dhidibka isha) ee isha hore ee isha ilaa isha dhabarka ayaa si sax ah u siman.
Haddii wadarta awoodda dib-u-soo-celinta ay aad u weyn tahay ama masaafada ay aad u dheer tahay, iftiinku wuxuu ku dhici doonaa xagga hore ee retina marka uu eego meel fog, taas oo ah myopia. Myopia oo ay keento awoodda dib u soo celinta sare waa myopia refractive (oo ay sababto cillad la'aanta lafaha, cilladaha lenska, cataracts, diabetes, iwm.), iyo axial myopia oo ay keento dhererka dhererka axial ee kubbadda isha oo ka baxsan gobolka emmetropic (nooca myopia in dadka badankoodu waxay leeyihiin)).
Dadka intooda badan waxay ku dhacaan myopia waqtiyo kala duwan. Qaar waxay ku dhashaan myopia, qaarna waxay ku dhashaan da'da qaan-gaarnimada, qaarna waxay noqdaan kuwo maskaxda ku dhaca markay weynaadaan. Marka loo eego wakhtiga myopia, waxa loo kala qaybin karaa myopia lagu dhasho (myopia waa ku dhashaa), myopia hore u bilawday (kayar 14 jir), myopia bilawga danbe ah (16 ilaa 18 jir) qaangaarnimo).
Waxa kale oo jirta in diopter-ka uu isbeddeli doono ka dib marka myopia uu soo baxo. Haddii diopter-ku aanu isbeddelin in ka badan laba sano, way xasilloon tahay. Haddii diopter-ku sii jiro muddo dheer laba sano gudahood, waa horumar.
Soo koobida kala soocida myopia
Dhinacyada caafimaadka indhaha iyo indhaha, waxa jira qaybo kale oo badan oo myopia ah, kuwaas oo aynaan soo bandhigi doonin khibradda yar yar awgeed. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo myopia ah, kuwaas oo aan iska hor imanayn. Waxay kaliya ka tarjumayaan kakanaanta iyo hubin la'aanta habka dhacdada myopia iyo horumarka. Waxaan u baahanahay inaan qeexno oo aan kala saarno qaybaha myopia iyo dhinacyo kala duwan.
Dhibaatada myopia ee mid kasta oo ka mid ah dadkeena miyir-qabka waa in ay noqotaa laan ka mid ah qaybta u dhiganta myopia. Shaki la'aan waa cilmi-darro in laga hadlo ka-hortagga iyo xakamaynta myopia iyada oo aan loo eegin soocidda myopia.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-24-2023