Qeexida Signal Defocus
"Defocus" waa calaamad muhiim ah oo jawaab celin muuqaal ah oo bedeli karta qaabka koritaanka ee kubbadda isha ee soo koraysa. Haddii kicinta diiradda saarta lagu bixiyo xirashada muraayadaha indhaha inta lagu jiro horumarka isha, isha waxay u soo bixi doontaa dhanka booska calaamadda goynta si loo gaaro emmetropia.
Tusaale ahaan, haddii lenska concave lagu xidho isha soo koraysa si uu u soo rogo defocus taban (taas oo ah, diiradda ayaa ka dambaysa retina), si ay diiradda ugu dhacdo retina, kubbadda isha si dhakhso ah ayey u koraan, taas oo kor u qaadi doonta. horumarinta myopia. Haddii lenska convex la gashado, ishu waxay heli doontaa dib-u-eegis togan, heerka korriinka ee kubbadda isha ayaa hoos u dhigi doonta, waxayna u soo bixi doontaa dhinaca hyperopia.
Doorka Calaamadaha Defocus-ka
Waxaa la ogaaday in calaamadaha defocus-ka ee xuubka xuubka isha ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan nidaaminta korriinka iyo korriinka isha, gaar ahaan marka calaamadaha dhexe iyo kuwa durugsan ay iswaafaqayaan, calaamadaha durugsan ayaa maamuli doona. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, calaamadaha goynta durugsan waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin nidaamka emmetropization marka loo eego gobolka goynta dhexe!
Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay rumaysan yihiin in marka la xidho muraayadaha caadiga ah ee hal-arag ah, diiradda udubdhexaadka ah waxaa lagu sawiraa xuubka xuubka, laakiin diiradda durugsan ayaa lagu sawiray gadaasha retina. Xididka isha ee durugsan waxa uu helayaa ishaaraynta defocus-ka ee hyperopic, kaas oo sababa in dhidibka indhuhu koraan iyo in myopia ay sii qotonto.
Naqshadeynta muraayadaha diiradda saaraya
Muraayadaha is-gudbinta-dhibcaha badan leh waxaa loo qaabeeyey oo la soo saaray iyadoo la raacayo mabda'a defocus-ka durugsan ee myopia, si sawirka durugsani uu ugu dhaco xuubka xuubka. Waqtigaan, macluumaadka loo gudbiyo kubbadda isha ayaa hoos u dhigi doonta koritaanka dhidibka isha. Daraasado kala duwan ayaa muujiyay in saameynteeda xakameynta myopia ay si togan ula xiriirto waqtiga xirashada, waxaana lagu talinayaa in la xiro in ka badan 12 saacadood maalintii.
Cilmi-baadhis lagu sameeyay baaxad weyn oo ah indho-beelka indhaha ee myopia ayaa tilmaamaysa in aragtida fog ee muuqaallada isha lagu hayo ay dedejiso korriinka kubbadda isha, taasoo horseedda ballaadhinta kubbadda isha iyo korriinka myopia. Taa beddelkeeda, meel-ka-fiirinta muuqaalka dhow ee sawirada xuubka isha waxay hoos u dhigtaa korriinka kubbadda isha. Barta xudunta u ah ee ku soo dhacaysa xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka indhaha ee u dhow waxay hoos u dhigi kartaa korriinka kubbadda isha laakiin ma gaabin karto dhererka dhidibka.
Dhallinyarada leh dhererka dhidibka isha oo aan ka badnayn 24mm, ka hortagga iyo xakamaynta miyir-qabka ee ugu habboon ee isku dhafan ee ka hortagga iyo xakamaynta waxay xaqiijin kartaa dhererka dhidibka isha caadiga ah ee qaangaarka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shakhsiyaadka leh dhererka dhidibka isha ee ka sarreeya 24mm, dhererka dhidibka lama soo gaabiyo.
Iftiinka lens-ka-yar ee muraayadaha muraayadaha indhaha waxay sameeyaan calaamadaha defocus-ka ee gudaha isha, kuwaas oo fure u ah inay yareeyaan horumarka myopia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, joogitaanka lenses-yar-yar ee muraayadaha ma aha mid dammaanad qaadaya waxtarka; muraayadaha yaryar waa inay marka hore si hufan u shaqeeyaan. Sidaa darteed, tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka iyo farsamaynta ee lenses-yar-yar ee muraayadaha ayaa sidoo kale tijaabinaya farsamada iyo farsamada shirkadaha wax soo saarka.
Naqshadeynta Lenses-yar oo diiradda saaraya badan
Markii ay soo ifbaxday aragtida "defocus theory," soosaarayaasha muraayadaha waaweyn ee muraayadaha ayaa soo saaray noocyo kala duwan oo ah muraayadaha indhaha. Labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay, lens-ka-fuur-fudud ee lens-yada badan ayaa sidoo kale la bilaabay midba midka kale. Inkasta oo ay dhamaantood yihiin lenses-focus defocus lenses, waxaa jira farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya naqshadaynta iyo tirada dhibcaha diirada.
1. Fahamka Micro-lenses
Marka la xidho muraayadaha indhaha ee hal-aragga ah, iftiinka si toos ah uga imanaya meel fog ayaa ku dhici kara fovea, qaybta dhexe ee retina. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iftiinka ka soo baxa hareeraha, ka dib marka uu soo maro muraayadda kelida ah, ma gaaro isla diyaaraddii retina. Maadaama xuubka isha uu leeyahay qaloocsanaan, sawirada ka soo durugsan waxay ku dhacaan xuubka xuubka. Halkaa marka ay marayso, maskaxdu aad bay u xariifsan tahay. Marka la helo dhiirigelintan, retina waxay si dareen leh ugu dhaqaaqi doontaa sawirka shayga, taasoo kicinaysa in kubbadda isha dib u koraan, taasoo keenaysa in heerka myopia uu si joogto ah u kordho.
Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado:
1. retina waxay leedahay shaqada korriinka xagga sawirka.
2. Haddii sawirka xudunta xudunta uu ku dhaco booska xuubka xuubka isha, halka sawirka durugsani uu ka dambeeyo xuubka xuubka, waxay keenaysaa aragti fog.
Shaqada muraayadaha yaryar waa in la isticmaalo mabda'a isku-xidhka iftiinka leh lens togan oo lagu daray oo ku yaal xayndaabka si loo jiido sawirada durugsan xagga hore ee retina. Tani waxay hubinaysaa aragtida dhexe ee cad iyada oo u oggolaanaysa sawirada durugsan inay ku dhacaan qaybta hore ee xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka xuubka indhaha ee ujeedooyinka ka hortagga iyo xakamaynta.
Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado:
1. Haddi ay tahay lenska defocus-ka ee durugsan ama muraayad-muraayad-yar oo dhinacyo badan leh, labadooduba waxay u soo jiidaan sawirada durugsan xagga hore ee retina si ay u abuuraan defocus myopic durugsan iyadoo la ilaalinayo aragti dhexe oo cad.
2. Saamayntu way kala duwan tahay iyada oo ku xidhan hadba inta ay le'eg tahay feejignaanta sawirada durugsan ee ku soo dhacaya dhinaca hore ee retina.
2. Naqshad muraayadaha-ka-xiran ee muraayadaha
Marka la eego muraayadaha muraayadaha-focus-focus multi-focus, waxaan arki karnaa dhibco-yar-yar oo badan, kuwaas oo ka kooban muraayadaha concave ee shakhsi ahaaneed. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo hababka naqshadeynta ee hadda, muraayadaha concave ayaa loo qaybin karaa: lenses spherical lenses, lenses hoose oo aan yareyn, iyo muraayadaha sare ee aan-micro-defocus (oo leh farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya awoodda u dhaxaysa bartamaha iyo hareeraha).
1. Saamaynta sawir-qaadista ee muraayadaha sare ee aan-micro-defocus-ka-soo-baxa waxay la kulmaan filashooyinka, iyagoo siinaya xakameyn wanaagsan oo myopia ah.
2. Daahfurnaanta "images" ee diiradda la saaray: Lensyada sare ee aan-micro-defocus-ka waxay abuuraan laydhyo aan diirad saarin oo kala duwan. Haddii calaamada ka horraysa xuubka xuubka isha uu aad u cad yahay, waxa laga yaabaa in loo doorto calaamada muuqaalka koowaad ee daawashada dhow, taasoo keenaysa in sawirada danbe ay noqdaan kuwo meel fog wax laga arag.
Faa'iidooyinka isticmaalka muraayadaha sare ee aan-micro-defocus-ka ahayn:
1. Abuurista dhibaatooyinka sawir-qaadista ee maskaxda iyada oo aan samaynayn diiradda, carruurtu diiradda ma saari doonaan isticmaalka muraayadaha yaryar, laakiin waxay si madaxbannaan u dooranayaan inay diiradda saaraan qaybaha cad ee u dhexeeya aagga dhexe iyo agagaarka.
2. Abuuritaanka foojignaan maskaxeed oo ballac iyo dhumuc leh, taasoo horseedaysa jiid xoog leh iyo hagaajinta waxtarka xakamaynta myopia.
3. Khataraha Daawashada Lenses-ka yar ee Concave
Walaaca ugu weyn ee lenses-ka kantaroolka myopia ee leh lenses-yar ayaa ah in caruurtu ay diirada saaraan walxaha isticmaalaya lenses-yar, kuwaas oo yeelan kara saamaynta xun ee soo socota:
1. Xulashada daawashada dhow sida calaamadda muuqaalka ugu weyn
2. Aragtida walxaha
3. Xiro waqti-dheer oo saameeya hagaajinta
4. U horseedaya hagaajin aan caadi ahayn iyo isbarbardhigga isku dhafka
5. Kontoroolka myopia oo aan waxtar lahayn marka la eegayo walxaha u dhow
Gabagabadii
Iyada oo ay sii kordhayaan lenses-yar oo diiradda saaraya kala duwan oo badan, doorashada kan saxda ah waxay noqotaa caqabad. Iyadoo aan loo eegin naqshadda muraayadda, ujeedadu waa in la sameeyo muuqaal cad oo ku saabsan retina iyada oo la ilaalinayo calaamad muujinaysa defocus myopic horteeda si loo yareeyo horumarka myopia iyo indhaha axial elongation. Farsamada, tignoolajiyada, iyo hubinta tayada ee lenses-yar oo diiradda saaraya badan ayaa muhiim ah. Muraayadaha tayadoodu liidato kaliya kuma fashilmaan inay hoos u dhigaan horumarka myopia iyo axial elongation, laakiin xidhashada dheer waxay saamayn kartaa hagaajinta, taasoo keenta isu-dheellitirnaan aan caadi ahayn.
Waqtiga boostada: Jun-21-2024