Muraayadaha kala duwan ee horumarka leh ayaa la alifay 61 sano ka hor. Muraayadaha kala duwani waxay xalliyeen dhibaatada dadka da'da dhexe iyo da'da dhexe u baahan yihiin iftiin kala duwan si ay u arkaan walxo masaafo kala duwan u baahan inay beddelaan muraayadaha si joogto ah. Labada muraayad ayaa meel fog wax ka arki kara, qurux badan, sidoo kalena meel dhow wax ka arki kara. Isku dhafka muraayadaha kala duwan waa mashruuc nidaamsan, kaas oo u baahan farsamooyin aad uga badan marka loo eego muraayadaha monocalka ah. Dhakhaatiirta indhaha kaliya uma baahna inay fahmaan optometry, laakiin sidoo kale waxay u baahan yihiin inay fahmaan alaabta, habaynta, hagaajinta qaabka muraayadda, cabbirka foorarsiga wejiga, xagasha hore, fogaanta isha, fogaanta ardayga, dhererka ardayga, xisaabinta wareejinta xarunta, adeega iibka kadib, qoto dheer fahamka mabaadi'da diiradda saaraya badan, faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha, iyo wixii la mid ah. Kaliya khabiir dhamaystiran ayaa si buuxda u tixgelin kara macaamiisha, si ay ugu habboonaato muraayadaha badan ee saxda ah.