Muraayadaha indhaha ayaa dad badan yaqaanaan, waxayna door weyn ka ciyaaraan sixitaanka myopia ee muraayadaha indhaha. Muraayadaha indhaha waxay leeyihiin lakabyo dahaadh oo kala duwan, sida dahaadh cagaaran, dahaadh buluug ah, dahaadh buluug-guduud ah, iyo xitaa dahaadh dahab ah oo raaxo leh. Xirashada iyo jeexitaanka lakabyada dahaadhku waa mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu waaweyn ee loo beddelo muraayadaha indhaha, markaa aan wax badan ka baranno lakabyada dahaadh ee muraayadaha indhaha.
Horumarinta dahaarka muraayadda
Kahor inta aysan soo bixin muraayadaha resin-ka, muraayadaha galaaska waxaa si caadi ah loo isticmaali jiray. Faa'iidooyinka muraayadaha galaaska waa tusmada sare ee refractive, gudbinta iftiinka sare, iyo adkaanta sare, laakiin waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin khasaarooyin sida inay u nugul yihiin jabitaan, culus, iyo ammaan darro.
Si wax looga qabto cilladaha muraayadaha galaaska, warshaduhu waxay sameeyeen agab kala duwan si ay u beddelaan muraayadaha galaaska, laakiin midkoodna kuma habboona. Walax kastaa waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin iyo khasaarooyin u gaar ah, waana ay adag tahay in la gaaro dheelitirnaan. Tani waxay sidoo kale khuseysaa muraayadaha resin-ka ee hadda jira (alaabada resin-ka).
Muraayadaha resin-ka ee hadda jira, dahaadhku waa hab lagama maarmaan ah. Agabka resin-ka sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay kala-soocid badan, sida MR-7, MR-8, CR-39, PC, NK-55-C, iyo walxo kale oo badan oo resin ah, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay astaamo kala duwan. Iyadoo aan loo eegin inay tahay muraayad galaas ah ama muraayad resin ah, iftiinka oo dhex mara dusha sare ee muraayadda wuxuu mari doonaa ifafaale kala duwan oo indhaha ah: milicsiga, dib-u-jajabinta, nuugista, kala firdhinta, iyo gudbinta.
Muraayadda oo lagu dahaadhay filim ka soo horjeeda milicsiga
Kahor inta uusan iftiinku gaarin isku-xirka dusha sare ee muraayadda, waa tamar 100% iftiin ah, laakiin marka uu ka baxo muraayadda oo uu galo isha, ma aha tamar 100% iftiin ah. Boqolleyda tamarta iftiinka oo sarreysa, ayaa sii fiicnaanaysa gudbinta iftiinka, tayada sawir-qaadista iyo xallinta ayaa sii kordheysa.
Walax gaar ah oo muraayad ah, yaraynta luminta milicsiga waa hab caadi ah oo lagu kordhiyo gudbinta iftiinka. Inta iftiinka ka soo ifbaxaya uu sii yaraado, gudbinta muraayadda ayaa hoos u dhacda, taasoo keenta tayada sawir-qaadista oo liidata. Sidaa darteed, yaraynta milicsiga ayaa noqotay dhibaato ay tahay in muraayadaha resin ay xalliyaan, filimka ka soo horjeeda milicsiga (filimka AR) ayaa lagu dabaqay muraayadda (markii hore, dahaarka ka soo horjeeda milicsiga waxaa loo isticmaalay muraayadaha indhaha qaarkood).
Filimka ka hortagga milicsiga wuxuu adeegsadaa mabda'a faragelinta si uu u soo saaro xiriirka ka dhexeeya milicsiga xoogga iftiinka ee lakabka filimka ka hortagga milicsiga muraayadda dahaarka leh iyo hirarka iftiinka dhacdada, dhumucda lakabka filimka, tusmada milicsiga ee lakabka filimka, iyo tusmada milicsiga ee substrate-ka muraayadda, taasoo u oggolaanaysa iftiinka dhex mara lakabka filimka inuu midba midka kale joojiyo, taasoo yaraynaysa luminta tamarta iftiinka ee dusha sare ee muraayadda iyo hagaajinta tayada iyo xallinta sawirka.
Dahaarka ka-hortagga milicsiga badanaa wuxuu isticmaalaa oksaydh bir ah oo saafi ah sida titanium dioxide iyo cobalt oxide, kuwaas oo lagu shubo dusha sare ee muraayadda iyada oo loo marayo habka uumi-baxa (dhigista vacuum-ka) si loo gaaro saameyn wanaagsan oo ka-hortagga milicsiga. Dahaarka ka-hortagga milicsiga badanaa wuxuu ka tagaa haraaga, inta badan lakabka filimkuna waxay inta badan ku jiraan midabka cagaaran.
Midabka filimka ka hortagga milicsiga waa la xakamayn karaa, tusaale ahaan, si loo soo saaro filim buluug ah, filim buluug-guduud ah, filim buluug ah, filim cawlan, iwm. Lakabyada filimka ee kala duwan waxay leeyihiin kala duwanaansho habka wax soo saarka. Tusaale ahaan, filimka buluugga ah wuxuu la macno yahay in milicsiga hoose loo baahan yahay in la xakameeyo, dhibka dahaarkana uu ka weyn yahay kan filimka cagaaran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, farqiga u dhexeeya gudbinta iftiinka ee u dhexeeya filimada buluugga ah iyo kuwa cagaaran wuxuu noqon karaa wax ka yar 1%.
Badeecadaha muraayadaha indhaha, filimada buluugga ah guud ahaan waxay ku badan yihiin muraayadaha dhexe ilaa kuwa sare. Mabda' ahaan, gudbinta iftiinka ee filimada buluugga ah ayaa ka sarreysa kan filimada cagaaran (ogow in tani ay tahay mabda' ahaan) sababtoo ah iftiinku waa isku darka hirarka kala duwan, hirarka kala duwanna waxay leeyihiin boosas sawireed oo kala duwan oo ku yaal retina. Xaaladaha caadiga ah, iftiinka jaalaha-cagaaran si sax ah ayaa loogu sawiraa retina, macluumaadka muuqaalka ee uu ku deeqay iftiinka cagaaranna waa mid aad u sarreeya, sidaa darteed isha aadanuhu waxay u nugul tahay iftiinka cagaaran.
Muraayadda ku dahaadhay filim adag
Marka laga soo tago gudbinta iftiinka, labada walxood ee resin iyo galaaska labaduba waxay leeyihiin cillad weyn: muraayadaha indhaha kuma filna inay adag yihiin.
Xalku waa in tan lagu xalliyo iyadoo lagu darayo dahaar filim adag.
Adkaanta dusha sare ee muraayadaha galaaska aad ayay u sarreysaa (guud ahaan waxay ka tagtaa raad yar marka walxaha caadiga ah ay xoqaan), laakiin tani ma aha kiiska muraayadaha resin. Muraayadaha resin si fudud ayaa loogu xoqi karaa walxaha adag, taasoo muujinaysa inaysan u adkeysan karin xirashada.
Si loo hagaajiyo iska caabbinta xirashada muraayadda, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro dahaar filim adag dusha muraayadda. Dahaarka filimka adag badanaa waxay isticmaalaan atamka silicon si loogu daweeyo adkaanta, iyagoo adeegsanaya xal adag oo ka kooban matrix organic ah iyo walxo aan dabiici ahayn oo ay ku jiraan walxaha silicon. Filimka adag isku mar wuxuu leeyahay adkeysi iyo adkaansho (lakabka filimka ee dusha muraayadda waa adag yahay, substrate-ka muraayaddana waa mid aan jabnayn, si ka duwan galaaska oo si fudud u jaba).
Tiknoolajiyadda casriga ah ee ugu weyn ee dahaarka filimka adag waa gelinta. Dahaarka filimka adag waa mid qaro weyn, qiyaastii 3-5μm. Muraayadaha resin-ka ee leh dahaarka filimka adag, waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa codka taabashada miiska iyo dhalaalka midabka muraayadda. Muraayadaha soo saara cod cad oo leh geeso dhalaalaya ayaa la mariyay daweyn adag.
Muraayadda ku dahaadhay filim ka hortagga wasakhda.
Filimka ka hortagga milicsiga iyo filimka adag ayaa ah labada dahaadh ee aasaasiga ah ee muraayadaha resin-ka hadda. Guud ahaan, filimka adag ayaa marka hore lagu dahaadhaa, waxaana ku xiga filimka ka hortagga milicsiga. Sababtoo ah xaddidaadaha hadda jira ee agabka filimka ka hortagga milicsiga, waxaa jira iska hor imaad u dhexeeya awoodaha ka hortagga milicsiga iyo kuwa ka hortagga milicsiga. Sababtoo ah filimka ka hortagga milicsiga ayaa ku jira xaalad daloolo leh, wuxuu si gaar ah ugu nugul yahay inuu wasakh ka sameeyo dusha sare ee muraayadda.
Xalku waa in lagu daro lakab dheeraad ah oo filim ka hortagga wasakhda ah dusha sare ee filimka ka hortagga milicsiga. Filimka ka hortagga wasakhda ah wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay fluoride, kaas oo dabooli kara lakabka filimka ka hortagga milicsiga ee daloolsan, yareyn kara aagga taabashada ee u dhexeeya biyaha, saliidda, iyo muraayadda, iyadoo aan wax ka beddelin waxqabadka indhaha ee filimka ka hortagga milicsiga.
Iyada oo ay sii kordhayaan baahida loo qabo, lakabyo filim oo shaqeynaya ayaa la sameeyay, sida filimka polarizing, filimka anti-static, filimka ilaalinta iftiinka buluugga ah, filimka ka hortagga ceeryaanta, iyo lakabyada kale ee filimada shaqeynaya. Walxaha muraayadda isku midka ah, tusmada muraayadda ee isku midka ah, noocyada kala duwan, iyo xitaa isla summada, oo leh walxo isku mid ah, taxane muraayado kala duwan ayaa leh kala duwanaansho qiimo, dahaarka muraayaddana waa mid ka mid ah sababaha. Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho ku saabsan tignoolajiyada iyo tayada dahaarka.
Inta badan noocyada dahaarka filimada, way ku adag tahay qofka caadiga ah inuu kala garto farqiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira hal nooc oo dahaar ah oo si fudud loogu arki karo saamaynta: muraayadaha buluugga ah ee xanniba iftiinka (tiknoolajiyadda oo si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo muraayadaha buluugga ah ee xanniba iftiinka).
Muraayad buluug ah oo ku habboon ayaa ka saarta iftiinka buluugga ah ee waxyeellada leh ee ku jira heerka 380-460nm iyada oo loo marayo lakabka filimka buluugga ah ee xannibaya iftiinka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira farqi u dhexeeya waxqabadka dhabta ah ee ka dhexeeya alaabada ka imanaya soosaarayaasha kala duwan. Badeecooyin kala duwan ayaa muujinaya kala duwanaansho ku saabsan waxtarka xannibaadda iftiinka buluugga ah, midabka salka, iyo gudbinta iftiinka, taas oo si dabiici ah u horseedda qiimo kala duwan.
Ilaalinta dahaarka muraayadda
Dahaarka muraayadda waa mid u nugul heerkulka sare. Dahaarka muraayadaha resin-ka ayaa la mariyaa ka dib dhammaantoodna waxay wadaagaan daciifnimo guud: waxay u nugul yihiin heerkulka sare. Ka ilaalinta dahaarka muraayadaha inay qarxaan waxay si wax ku ool ah u dheereyn kartaa cimriga muraayadaha. Deegaannada gaarka ah ee soo socda ayaa u nugul inay waxyeello u geystaan dahaarka muraayadaha:
1. Muraayadaha saar dashboard-ka gaariga xilliga duhurnimada xagaaga.
2. Xidhashada muraayadaha indhaha ama dhigista meel u dhow inta aad isticmaaleyso sauna, qubeysaneyso, ama aad ku qoyneyso gu' kulul.
3. Ku karinta jikada heerkul saliid sare leh; haddii saliidda kulul ay ku daadato muraayadaha, way qarxi karaan isla markiiba.
4. Marka aad cunto digsi kulul, haddii maraq kulul uu ku daato muraayadaha, way qarxi karaan.
5. Muraayadaha ka tagista meel u dhow qalabka guryaha ee dhaliya kulaylka muddo dheer, sida laambadaha miiska, telefishannada, iwm.
Marka laga soo tago qodobbada kor ku xusan, waxaa sidoo kale muhiim ah in laga fogaado dareerayaasha aashitada ama alkaline-ka xooggan si looga hortago in muraayadaha ama muraayadaha ay mirqaanaan.
Burburka dahaarka muraayadaha iyo xoqidda ayaa asal ahaan kala duwan. Burburku wuxuu ka dhashaa soo-gaadhista heerkul sare ama dareere kiimiko ah, halka xoqiddu ay ka dhalato nadiifin aan habboonayn ama saameyn dibadeed.
Dhab ahaantii, muraayadaha indhaha waa badeeco aad u jilicsan. Waxay u nugul yihiin cadaadiska, hoos u dhaca, foorarsiga, heerkulka sare, iyo dareeraha daxalka leh.
Si loo ilaaliyo waxqabadka indhaha ee lakabka filimka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in:
1. Markaad muraayadahaaga iska bixinayso, ku rid kiis ilaalin ah oo ku kaydi meel aanay carruurtu gaari karin.
2. Ku nadiifi muraayadaha saabuun dhexdhexaad ah oo la qasi jiray adigoo isticmaalaya biyo qabow. Laguma talinayo in la isticmaalo dareere kale si aad u nadiifiso muraayadaha.
3. Deegaannada heerkulka sare leh (gaar ahaan marka la qubaysto ama la karinayo), waxaa lagugula talinayaa inaad xidhato muraayado duug ah si looga hortago waxyeello soo gaadha muraayadaha cusub.
Dadka qaar ayaa muraayadaha ku raaci kara biyo diirran marka ay timaha, wejigooda, ama qubeysanayaan si ay muraayadaha uga dhigaan kuwo nadiif ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay dhab ahaantii waxyeello weyn u geysan kartaa dahaarka muraayadaha waxayna ka dhigi kartaa muraayadaha kuwo aan la isticmaali karin. Waa muhiim in la xoojiyo in muraayadaha lagu nadiifiyo oo keliya saabuun dhexdhexaad ah oo la qasi jiray iyadoo la isticmaalayo biyo qabow!
Gunaanad ahaan
Iyada oo la horumarinayo horumarka joogtada ah ee tignoolajiyada dahaarka, alaabada casriga ah ee muraayadaha indhaha ayaa horumar la taaban karo ka sameeyay gudbinta iftiinka, iska caabbinta xoqidda, iyo sifooyinka ka hortagga wasakhda. Inta badan muraayadaha resin, muraayadaha PC, iyo muraayadaha acrylic waxay dabooli karaan baahiyaha maalinlaha ah ee dadka marka la eego naqshadeynta dahaarka.
Sida kor ku xusan, muraayadaha indhaha waa badeecooyin aad u jilicsan, kuwaas oo la xiriira tiknoolajiyada dahaarka ee lakabka filimka, gaar ahaan shuruudaha sare ee isticmaalka heerkulka. Ugu dambeyntii, waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan ku xasuusiyo: marka aad hesho dhaawac soo gaaray lakabka filimka ee muraayadaha indhahaaga, isla markiiba beddel. Weligaa ha sii wadin isticmaalka si taxaddar la'aan ah. Dhaawaca lakabka filimka wuxuu beddeli karaa waxqabadka indhaha ee muraayadaha. In kasta oo labo muraayadood ay yihiin arrin yar, haddana caafimaadka indhaha ayaa ah mid aad muhiim u ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-21-2023